The
glory of God is everything that God is, says and does - So it is everywhere in Scripture and everywhere in His Creation - properly interpreted . For He is
nothing less than
absolute glory in every aspect of His infinite Being: His attributes,
what He
thinks, says and does which includes: His Magnificence, His Worth, His
Loveliness, His Grandeur: all of His Absolute perfection which is
nothing less. And that
includes all that He
displays in His creation; His acts in order to make His glory known to
all of creation especially man and angel - especially His
glorious redemption of mankind through His one and only Son, Jesus
Christ Who al in all His Glory, both God and Man. The
glory of God is intrinsic in every word of the Bible. A note worthy
passage is one of many which touch upon Who God is, John 1:1-18
often called the Prologue of
the Gospel According to John which
has a view of God from the very beginning of creation in all
His Glory:
II) THE GLORY OF THE TRIUNE GOD AS PORTRAYED IN JOHN 1:1-18
A surprising number of the great doctrines of the Bible including the doctrine of the Trinity can be clearly examined in the first 18 verses of the Gospel of John. This section of Scripture called the Prologue of the Gospel According to John brings home with great clarity the Diety of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, Who is presented by author John as the Second Person of the Triune Godhead; as well as the great doctrine of our Glorious Triune God, Father, Son and Holy Spirit:
[JN 1:1]"IN THE BEGINNING THE WORD, JESUS CHRIST WAS
[PHIL 2:5-8]: JESUS CHRIST IS GOD
SUMMARY POINT #1 ON THE TRINITY
Herein lies a mystery as revealed in Scripture. God has provided evidence that He does exist as a Triune God; but in the final analysis the belief that God is one God of three Personalities is based on trusting that what God says in His Word is true: Scripture always teaches that there is one God with three distinct Personalities:
God the Father
God the Son
God the Holy Spirit
SUMMARY POINT #2 ON THE TRINITY
The testimony of others cannot be used as conclusive proof that the Trinity is true or false.
SUMMARY POINT #3 ON THE TRINITY
Truths
from Scripture such
as the Trinity are contrary to 'natural' human reasoning. They
are only understood through the teaching ministry of God the
Holy
Spirit.
SUMMARY POINT #4 ON THE TRINITY
Jesus Christ is God Himself
SUMMARY POINT #5 ON THE TRINITY
The Son of God, the Son of Man is God
Only God can possess the qualities of God
SUMMARY POINT #7 ON THE TRINITY:
Exclusive attributes and prerogatives of God which are true of Jesus Christ
SUMMARY POINT #8 ON THE TRINITY
Jesus Christ is in an intimate communion which is on an equal level with God the Father
Old and New Testament parallel passages point to the Diety of Jesus Christ
SUMMARY POINT #10 ON THE TRINITY
The Messiah is God
The Messiah is Christ
SUMMARY POINT #11 ON THE TRINITY
The Holy Spirit is a Person Who is God and Scripture clearly testifies to this.
SUMMARY POINT #12 ON THE TRINITY:
Jesus Christ is neither a god nor the God all by Himself. God is one God with three Personalities.
SUMMARY POINT #13 ON THE TRINITY
Many passages in Scripture indicate that God is one God with three Personalities.
God the Father
God the Son
God the Holy Spirit
III) GOD'S GLORY IS REVEALED THROUGHOUT HIS CREATION - THE GLORY OF GOD AS PORTRAYED IN GENESIS CHAPTER ONE
I) GOD IS SOLE CREATOR OF THE UNIVERSE
II) STAGE ONE OF CREATION IS A RECENT AND NOT A RUINED OR CHAOTIC ONE
III) THE GOD OF CREATION IS INDICATED AS A SINGULAR GOD WITH MORE THAN ONE PERSONALITY
IV) THE UNIVERSE WAS CREATED OUT OF NOTHING
V) THE HEAVENS AND THE EARTH = BASIC SPACE-TIME-MATTER BEFORE FINAL DETAILS AND LIFEFORMS ARE ADDED
VIII) A GAP THEORY OF TIME BETWEEN VERSES ONE AND TWO IS REFUTED
B) THE DOCTRINES OF SCRIPTURE REFUTE THE POSSIBILITY OF THE GAP THEORY
X) THE DAY = AGE THEORY REFUTED
XIV) THE LIGHT WAS THERE BEFORE LIGHT BEARING BODIES WERE CREATED.
XVII) GOD CREATES VEGETATION ON THE EARTH
XVIII) GOD CREATES THE LIGHT EMANATING HEAVENLY BODIES
XIX) LIVING CREATURES ARE CREATED:
XX) NEXT, LIVING CREATURES OF THE LAND ARE CREATED ON DAY 6
XXI) LET US MAKE MAN IN OUR IMAGE
XXIV) (Gen 2:1-3) GENESIS 2:1-3
(AS WELL AS GEN 2:4a EXAMINED BELOW )
XXVII) THE GENESIS ACCOUNT OF CREATION REFERRING TO CHAPTERS ONE AND TWO IS NOT MYTHOLOGICAL
IV) GOD'S GLORY IS REVEALED THROUGHOUT HIS CREATION - THE GLORY OF GOD AS PORTRAYED IN GENESIS CHAPTER TWO
(AS WELL AS GEN 2:4a EXAMINED BELOW )
B) (Gen 2:4a) THE HEBREW WORD TRANSLITERATED "TOLEDOTHS," RENDERED "GENERATIONS" IN THE SENSE OF "ACCOUNTS OF" IS THE PIVOTAL WORD IN GENESIS 2:4a WHICH - BY WAY OF A SUMMARY STATEMENT - CONCLUDES THE CONTEXT OF THE SIX DAYS OF CHAPTER ONE - AFTER WHICH CHAPTER TWO BEGINNING WITH GEN 2:4b TURNS TO DETAILS OF WHAT HAD ALREADY OCCURRED IN CHAPTER ONE
2) THE TWO UNIVERSAL LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS REFLECT CREATION'S DEVOLUTION & DETERIORATION
C) [(Gen 2:4b-6) THE BEGINNING VERSES OF GENESIS CHAPTER TWO]:
D) [(Gen 2:7) THEREAFTER, GENESIS CHAPTER TWO MOVES THE FOCUS UPON THE LATTER PART OF THE SIXTH DAY OF CREATION WHEN JEHOVAH ELOHIM, THE LORD GOD, FORMED THE MAN, ADAM FROM THE DUST OF THE GROUND AND UPON GOD'S BREATHING INTO HIS NOSTRILS THE BREATH OF LIVES, (PLURAL), WHEREUPON THE MAN ADAM BECAME A UNIQUE LIVING CREATURE WITH BOTH A PHYSICAL AND SPIRITUAL LIFE]:III) THE GENESIS ACCOUNT OF CREATION REFERRING TO CHAPTERS ONE AND TWO IS NOT MYTHOLOGICAL
B) PROPER APPROACH TO THE INTERPRETATION OF THE CONTENTS OF AN ANCIENT MANUSCRIPT
V) GOD'S GLORY IS REVEALED THROUGHOUT HIS CREATION - RO 1:20-25
VI) GOD'S NAME, HIS GLORY IS REVEALED THROUGHOUT HIS CREATION - PSALM 8(Ps 8:1 NASB) "O LORD, our Lord, How majestic is Your name in all the earth, Who have displayed Your splendor above the heavens!
(Ps 8:2 NASB) From the mouth of infants and nursing babes You have established strength Because of Your adversaries, To make the enemy and the revengeful cease.
(Ps 8:3 NASB) When I consider Your heavens, the work of Your fingers, The moon and the stars, which You have ordained;
(Ps 8:4 NASB) What is man that You take thought of him, And the son of man that You care for him?
(Ps 8:5 NASB) Yet You have made him a little lower than God, And You crown him with glory and majesty!
(Ps 8:6 NASB) You make him to rule over the works of Your hands; You have put all things under his feet,
(Ps 8:7 NASB) All sheep and oxen, And also the beasts of the field,
(Ps 8:8 NASB) The birds of the heavens and the fish of the sea, Whatever passes through the paths of the seas.
(Ps 8:9 NASB) O LORD, our Lord, How majestic is Your name in all the earth!"
A) [(Ps 8:1-9) Bible Knowledge Commentary]:
"The Lord's majesty (8:1)
8:1.
The beginning and ending of the psalm (vv. 1, 9) give the same
exclamation of God's majestic... name. The name, that is, the revealed
character of God, is exalted above all Creation. The word majestic
suggests splendor and magnificence. It is a fitting note of praise for
the Lord of Creation.
The
vocative O Lord, our Lord is important in this idea. Addressing God by
His personal name Yahweh ("Lord"), David then identified Him as "our
Lord" (ʾăd̠ōnay), the Sovereign or Master. "Lord" stresses God's
dominion over His Creation.
The
Hebrew of the last part of verse 1 is difficult. Though the text has an
imperative verb, most translations (including the niv) apparently take
it as an infinitive and render it as a statement about God's majesty:
You have set. It describes His exaltation (glory) as being high above
the heavens.
The Lord's strength (8:2)
8:2.
David marveled that God uses strength (cf. niv marg.) from children to
silence His enemies (and the foe and the avenger). (The niv translates
ʾōz, "strength" by the word praise because "strength" here may indicate
"praise for [God's) strength"; cf. Matt. 21:15-16.) The idea is that
the Lord has ordained that the weakest shall confound the strong (cf. 1
Cor. 1:27). Mankind, even weak children and infants, represents the
strength of God in the earth.
The Lord's Creation (8:3-8)
8:3-4. The psalmist first observed the great work of Creation (including the heavens... the moon, and the stars) as God's finger work."
B) [(Ps 8:1-9) enduringword.com/bible-commentary/psalm-8/]:
The
title of this psalm reads, To the Chief Musician. On the instrument of
Gath. A Psalm of David. It indicates the audience of the psalm (the
Chief Musician), the author of the psalm (of David) and the sound of
the psalm (the instrument of Gath). In this psalm David speaks of the
glory of God, and how the glory of man and his destiny reflect upon God.
A. The plainly seen glory of creation.
1. (1) The glory of God in the earth and the heavens.
O LORD, our Lord,
How excellent is Your name in all the earth,
Who have set Your glory above the heavens!
a.
O LORD, our Lord: Here, David recognized both the covenant name of God
(LORD) and the position of Yahweh to His people (Lord). It was a
simple, straightforward, and common way to say that “Our God is our
Master.”
i.
“Yehovah Adoneynu; O Jehovah our Prop, our Stay, our Support.… The root
dan signifies to direct, rule, judge, support. So Adonai is the
Director, Ruler, Judge, Supporter of men.” (Clarke)
b.
How excellent is Your name in all the earth: David also recognized that
though the LORD was Israel’s covenant God, He was also God of more than
just Israel. His name is excellent…in all the earth.
c.
Who have set Your glory above the heavens: At the same time, the earth
was not enough to measure the glory and excellence of God. His glory is
above the heavens.
2. (2) The glory of God in His strength over His enemies.
Out of the mouth of babes and nursing infants
You have ordained strength,
Because of Your enemies,
That You may silence the enemy and the avenger.
a.
Out of the mouth of babes and nursing infants You have ordained
strength: In the first verse, David considered the greatness of God by
His evident power and glory in creation, both across the earth and in
the heavens. Now, he considers that the power and glory of God can be
seen in small children – babes and nursing infants – as God’s strength
is evident in them.
i.
David here touched on a familiar theme in the Bible: the idea that God
uses otherwise weak things to display His glory and strength. 1
Corinthians 1:27 is an example of this idea: But God has chosen the
foolish things of the world to put to shame the wise, and God has
chosen the weak things of the world to put to shame the things which
are mighty.
ii.
It is hard to think of anything more weak and helpless than a baby; yet
the same God who can ordain strength out of the mouth of babes and
nursing infants can give strength and support to me in the midst of my
weakness.
iii.
“The word here rather means a strength…that, out of such frail material
as children’s speech, God builds a tower of strength, which, like some
border castle, will bridle and still the restless enemy.” (Maclaren)
iv.
“The praises of the Messiah, celebrated in the church by his children,
have in them a strength and power which nothing can withstand; they can
abash infidelity, when at its greatest height, and strike hell itself
silent.” (Horne)
v.
Significantly, Jesus quoted this passage to His indignant accusers in
Matthew 21:16, as Jesus did wonderful miracles in the temple area, and
as He received the praise of children who cried out Hosanna to the Son
of David! (Matthew 21:15).
b.
Because of Your enemies, that You may silence the enemy: The reason why
God displays His strength in unlikely vessels is because it works to
silence the enemy; Satan and his fellow adversaries have nothing to say
when God works so mightily in an otherwise weak person.
i.
One dramatic example of this is the story of Job. In it, God silenced
the accusations of Satan against both God and Job by the way that He
sustained Job with His unseen hand in the midst of profound weakness.
ii.
In quoting this passage in Matthew 21:15-16, Jesus told His accusers
who He was and who they were. Since the babes and nursing infants
praise God in Psalm 8, Jesus identified Himself as God. In this, Jesus
also identified the indignant scribes and teachers as the enemy and
avenger described in this psalm.
iii.
“Aha! Aha! O adversary! To be overcome by behemoth or leviathan might
make thee angry; but to be smitten out of infants’ mouths causes thee
to bite the dust in utter dishonor. Thou art sore broken, now that ‘out
of the mouth of babes and sucklings’ thou art put to shame.” (Spurgeon)
B. The surprising glory of mankind.
1. (3-5) Though seemingly insignificant, man is crowned with glory and honor.
When I consider Your heavens, the work of Your fingers,
The moon and the stars, which You have ordained,
What is man that You are mindful of him,
And the son of man that You visit him?
For You have made him a little lower than the angels,
And You have crowned him with glory and honor.
a.
When I consider Your heavens: David knew the value of simply
considering the glory of God’s creation. He knew what it was like to
look up into the starry sky and consider what a great God had made this
vast, wonderful universe.
i.
With the naked eye, one can see about 5,000 stars. With a four-inch
telescope, one can see about 2 million stars. With a 200-inch mirror of
a great observatory, one can see more than a billion stars. The
universe is so big that if one were to travel at the speed of light, it
would take 40 billion years to reach the edge of the universe.
Considering the heavens makes us see the greatness of God.
ii.
These great heavenly objects such as the moon and the stars are the
work of God’s fingers. “Notwithstanding the amazing magnitude of the
sun, we have abundant reason to believe that some of the fixed stars
are much larger: and yet we are told they are the work of GOD’S
FINGERS! What a hand, to move, form, and launch these globes!” (Clarke)
b.
What is man that You are mindful of him: Considering the greatness of
the heavens also made David consider the relative smallness and
insignificance of man. David wondered why such a big, great God would
be mindful of such small beings.
i.
“We gave you but a feeble image of our comparative insignificance, when
we said that the glories of an extended forest would suffer no more
from the fall of a single leaf, than the glories of an extended
universe would suffer though the globe we tread upon, and all that it
inherits, should dissolve.” (Chalmers, cited in Spurgeon)
ii.
God is so big that He makes the universe with His fingers; man is so
small that he is dwarfed by the universe. Yet David did not doubt that
God was mindful of man; he simply said “You are mindful of him” and
only wondered why. Before we share David’s question, we should first
share his assured confidence that God is mindful of us; He thinks of us
and considers what we do.
iii.
“Sorry, sickly man, a mass of mortalities, a map of miseries, a mixture
or compound of dirt and sin…and yet God is mindful of him.” (Trapp)
iv.
“David’s question can be asked with many nuances. In Psalm 144:3-4 it
mocks the arrogance of the rebel; in Job 7:17 it is a sufferer’s plea
for respite; in Job 25:6 it shudders at human sin. But here it has no
tinge of pessimism; only astonishment that thou are mindful and thou
dost care.” (Kidner)
c.
And the son of man that You should visit him: Indeed, using the poetic
method of repetition, David repeated the idea in a stronger way. Son of
man is a title that emphasizes the “humanness” of man, and we might say
that visit him is yet stronger than are mindful of him.
i.
David was confident that God not only carefully thought about man, but
that He had some kind of personal connection and contact with men (that
You visit him). He thinks about us and acts in our lives.
ii.
Morgan considered the use of the terms manand son of man as a “contrast
between the stately splendor of the moon and the stars, and man – Enosh
– frail man – and the son of man Ben-Adam – of apparently earthly
origin. The contrasts are graphic.” (Morgan)
d.
For You have made him a little lower than the angels: David saw that
God made man a little lower than the angels, and this is evident in the
way that man is beneath the angels in present glory, power, and
nearness to God.
i.
The word translated angels is Elohim, and most often refers to God
Himself. There are some (such as Boice) who believe that David meant to
say that man is a little lower than God, stressing the idea that man is
made in God’s image.
ii.
Yet the ancient translators of the Bible from Hebrew to Greek
understood elohim here to speak of angelic beings; more importantly,
that was how the writer to the Hebrews understood it. “The Hebrew for
[angels] is simply ‘God’ or ‘gods’ (‘Elohim’). It may refer to angelic
beings.” (VanGemeren)
iii.
Significantly, David did not say that man was “a little higher than the
beasts,” though one could say that is true. Theologians since Thomas
Aquinas have noted that man is in a middle position between the angels
and the animals: lower than the angels yet higher than the animals. Yet
David rightly makes us look upward and not downward, though many think
of mankind as more animal than angelic, David wrote that You have made
him a little lower than the angels.
iv.
“Although made in God’s image and ordained to become increasingly like
the God to whom they look, men and women have turned their backs on
God. And since they will not look upward to God, which is their
privilege and duty, they actually look downward to the beasts and so
become increasingly like them.” (Boice)
v.
This very passage is quoted in Hebrews 2:5-9 to reinforce and build
upon this exact point. In it he notes that man’s low estate relates
only to this world, and not the world to come (Hebrews 2:5). More
pointedly, the writer of Hebrews used this passage from Psalm 8 to show
that Jesus really did add a genuinely human nature to His divine nature
and thus also became a little lower than the angels.
e.
You have crowned him with glory and honor: Though for a little while
set lower than the angels, man’s destiny is one day to be crowned with
a glory and honor that surpasses even the angels. It is the destiny of
redeemed men and women to one day be lifted above the angels (1
Corinthians 6:3, Revelation 1:6, 5:10).
i.
“Little can sometimes mean ‘for a little while’ in both Hebrew and
Greek, which is the sense probably implied in [Hebrews].” (Kidner)
ii.
“A little lower in nature, since they are immortal, and but a little,
because time is short; and when that is over, saints are no longer
lower than the angels.” (Spurgeon)
iii.
God’s glory is above the heavens; yet He put this same glory and honor
on man as a crown. “This is an effective way of identifying man with
God and of saying that he has been made in God’s image, reflecting
God’s glory in a way other parts of the creation do not.” (Boice)
iv.
As the writer of Hebrews points out, it seems that this divine call and
gift given to man of great dominion over the whole earth is tragically
unfulfilled; fallen man seems so weak and incapable of dominion over
his own thoughts and desires, much less crowned with glory and honor.
Yet, as Hebrews properly says, but we see Jesus (Hebrew 2:9).
v.
“In Him we have had the full revelation of the greatness of man. But we
have seen more than that. We have seen Him ‘crowned with glory and
honour, that by the grace of God He should taste death for every man.’
That vision creates our confidence that man will at last realize the
Divine purpose.” (Morgan)
vi.
“Satan is no doubt filled with scorn of man when he looks at him and
measures him with himself. ‘Is this the creature that is to be set over
all the works of God’s hands, made of earth and water, phosphates and
metals? I am nobler far than he. Can I not flash like lightning, while
he must creep about the world to find himself a grave?’” (Spurgeon)
2. (6-9) The dominion of man and the excellence of God.
You have made him to have dominion over the works of Your hands;
You have put all things under his feet,
All sheep and oxen –
Even the beasts of the field,
The birds of the air,
And the fish of the sea
That pass through the paths of the seas.
O LORD, our Lord,
How excellent is Your name in all the earth!
a.
You have made him to have dominion over the works of Your hands: David
understood the mandate given to Adam and His descendants at creation
(Genesis 1:26-28 and 9:2). By both God’s decree and through superior
ability, man indeed has dominion over the other creatures and resources
of the earth.
i.
“In this section of the psalm, allusions to the first chapter of
Genesis are inescapable, which shows that David was thoroughly
acquainted with this book.” (Boice) Perhaps this knowledge of God’s
word came from David’s mother, whom he twice in Psalms refers to as a
maidservant of the LORD (Psalm 86:16 and 116:16).
ii.
As part of this authority, mankind has the responsibility to wisely
manage the creatures and resources of this earth in a way that gives
God glory and is good for man. It means that it is wrong to see man as
merely part of the ecosystem (thus denying his God-ordained dominion).
It is also wrong for man to abuse the ecosystem, thus making him a bad
manager of that which ultimately belongs to God (Psalm 24:1). The
mandate of dominion asks man to use the creatures and resources of the
earth, but to use them wisely and responsibly.
b.
You have put all things under his feet: Here, David developed the idea
introduced in the first line of Psalm 8:6. The dominion of man extends
to all things, including sheep, oxen…beasts of the field, the birds of
the air, and the fish of the sea.
i.
The Apostle Paul quoted this passage in 1 Corinthians 15:27. Paul
quoted it in much the same way that the writer of Hebrews did in
Hebrews 2:5-9, showing that this promise of dominion is now only
incompletely fulfilled among men. Yet it will be ultimately fulfilled
in Jesus, the ultimate Man, and will be one day also completely
fulfilled in His resurrected followers.
ii.
In light of all this, it is a great tragedy when a man is captured and
held in bondage by the things of this world. We were born to have
dominion over such material things, instead of being in bondage to them.
c.
O LORD, our Lord, how excellent is Your name in all the earth: When
David thought about how vast a dominion God had given to man, it made
him praise God all over again. That this humble creature – humble in
light of the majesty of the universe, humble in light of its present
standing under angelic beings – should be given such authority is a
demonstration of both the excellence and the goodness of God.
i.
David understood that the position of man in creation says far more
about the glory of God than saying anything about the glory of man.
Understanding it all should make us praise God, not man. “For man’s
dominion over nature, wonderful though it is, takes second place to his
calling as servant and worshipper, to whose very children the name of
the Lord has been revealed.” (Kidner)
ii.
There are three wonderful and important truths about man found in this
psalm; when these truths are denied or neglected, man never is what God
made him to be.
·God made man.
·God made man something glorious.
·God made man for a high and worthy destiny.
iii.
All three of these principles are rooted in what God has made man; they
do not exist nor are they fulfilled from the plan or work of man. That
is why this glorious psalm about man is even more so a psalm about God.
“The most striking feature of Psalm 8…is its description of man and his
place in the created order. But the psalm does not begin by talking
about man. It begins with a celebration of the surpassing majesty of
God.” (Boice)
iv.
“He made us to have dominion by the word of creation. He made us kings
unto God by his blood. His name shall, therefore, be honoured through
all the earth.” (Meyer)
v. “Even thou, silly worm, shalt honour him, when it shall appear what God hath done for thee, what lusts he hath mortified, and what graces he hath granted thee.” (Spurgeon)'''
VII) GOD'S HIS GLORY IS REVEALED THRU SCRIPTURE
A) AN ESSAY BY CHRISTOPHER MORGANThe glory of God is the magnificence, worth, loveliness, and grandeur of his many perfections, which he displays in his creative and redemptive acts in order to make his glory known to those in his presence.
The glory of God is interwoven throughout the biblical story and forms the origin, content, and goal of the entire cosmic narrative. God’s glory is the magnificence, worth, loveliness, and grandeur of his many perfections. God communicates his glory through his creation, image-bearers, providence, and redemptive acts. God’s people respond by glorifying him. God receives glory and, through uniting his people to Christ, shares his glory with them. And all of this contributes to his glory, as God in his manifold perfections is exhibited, known, rejoiced in, and prized.
The glory of God is a magnificent biblical theme. It is addressed in every major biblical section, related to every major biblical doctrine, and interwoven throughout the biblical story. It is so central to Scripture that the story of the Bible is in some sense the drama of God’s glory.
Many key turning points in the biblical story stress God’s glory and attest to its varied manifestations.
God’s glory is revealed:
through creation (Gen. 1; Ps. 19:1–2; Rom. 1:18–25);
is identified with humans’s creation in the image of God, crowned with glory (Gen. 1–2; Ps. 8:3–5; 1 Cor. 11:7);
is linked to the exodus (Exod. 3; 13:31; 16:10; 24:9–18; 34:29),
to fire/ shining/bright light (Exod. 3; 13:31; 16:10; 24:9–18; 34:29; Lev. 9:23; Isa. 60:1–3; 60:19; Ezek. 1:28; 10:4; 43:2; Luke 2:9; 2 Cor. 3:7; 4:4–6; Heb. 1:3; Rev. 18:1; 21:11, 23),
to a cloud (Exod. 16:7, 10; 24:16; 40:34; Lev. 9:6, 23; Num. 14:21; 16:19, 42; 20:6; Deut. 5:22–24; 1 Kings 8:10; 2 Chron. 5:14; Luke 9:26–36; Acts 1:8–11),
and to the Sabbath (Exod. 19, 24);
is revealed to Moses (Exod.
33:18–23);
fills the tabernacle (Exod. 40:34; cf. Lev. 9:6, 23; Num. 14:21; 16:19, 42; 20:6);
fills the earth (Num. 14:20–23; Ps. 19:1–2; Isa. 6:3);
fills the temple (1 Kings 8:11);
is above the heavens (Ps. 8:1; 113:4);
is revealed in visions to Isaiah (Isa. 6:1–5)
and Ezekiel (Ezek. 1:28; 3:12, 23; 8:4; 9:3; 10:4, 18; 11:22);
and is identified with God’s people, Israel (Isa. 40:5; 43:6–7; 60:1).
God's glory
is revealed in the Exodus to fire/ shining/bright
light (Exod.
3; 16:10; 24:9–18;
34:29; Lev. 9:23; Isa. 60:1–3; 60:19; Ezek. 1:28; 10:4; 43:2; Luke 2:9;
2 Cor. 3:7; 4:4–6; Heb 1:3; Rev. 18:1; 21:11, 23), to a cloud (Exod.
16:7, 10; 24:16; 40:34; Lev. 9:6, 23; Num. 14:21; 16:19, 42; 20:6;
Deut. 5:22–24; 1 Kings 8:10; 2 Chron. 5:14; Luke 9:26–36; Acts
1:8–11), and to the Sabbath (Exod. 19, 24); is above the heavens (Ps.
8:1; 113:4); and Ezekiel
(Ezek. 1:28; 3:12, 23; 8:4; 9:3; 10:4, 18; 11:22); Glory is
also identified with Christ. It is linked to his incarnation (John
1:1–18; Mark 9:2; Heb. 1:3), birth narratives (Luke 2:9, 14, 32), miracles (John 2:11; 11:38–44), transfiguration (Matt. 17:1–13; Mark
9:2–13; Luke 9:28–36; 2 Pet. 1:16–21), suffering and crucifixion (John
7:39; 12:16, 23–28; 13:31–32; 17:1–5; 21:19; Luke 24:26; Rom. 3:25–26;
1 Pet. 1:10–11), resurrection/exaltation (Acts 3:13–15; Rom. 6:4; Phil.
2:5–11; Heb. 2:5–9; 1 Pet. 1:21; Rev. 5:12–13; cf. Acts 2:32–33; 3:13;
1 Tim. 3:16), ascension (Acts 1; 1 Tim. 3:16), session/reign (Stephen’s
vision in Acts 7:55–56; Mark 10:37), and coming/victory/judgment (Matt.
16:27; 19:28; 24:30; 25:31; Mark 8:38; 10:37; 13:26; Luke 9:26; 21:27;
Rom. 8:21; Titus 2:13; 2 Thess. 1:6–9).
Further, glory is
identified with the Holy Spirit (1 Pet. 4:14; cf. John 16:14; Eph.
1:13–14); is identified with the church (Eph. 1:22–23; 3:20–21;
5:22–29); and is manifested in the new creation (Isa. 66; Rom. 8:18–27;
Rev. 21–22).
With
such wide-ranging manifestations, glory is virtually impossible to
define. In a sense, God’s glory is the magnificence, worth, loveliness,
and grandeur of his many perfections. More often, glory communicates
God’s special presence, as in the pillars of glory and of fire (Exod.
13:21–22) or the glory that filled the tabernacle (40:34–38).
The
primary Hebrew term for glory is kabod. This word stems from a root
that means “weight” or “heaviness.” Depending on its form, it could
have the sense of “honorable,” “dignified,” “exalted,” or “revered.” C.
John Collins explains that it became a “technical term for God’s
manifest presence.” It is similar in many respects to the concept of
God’s name in the Old Testament (see “kabod” in New International
Dictionary of Old Testament Theology and Exegesis).
The primary
Greek term for glory is doxa. According to Sverre Aalen, doxa in
secular Greek referred to an “opinion,” “conjecture,” “repute,”
“praise,” or “fame.” He maintains that the concepts were transformed by
the Septuagint. Aalen also maintains that doxa translated kabod and
took on the same meaning, referring to God’s manifestation of his
person, presence, and/or works, especially his power, judgment, and
salvation (see the entry on “doxa” in New International Dictionary of
New Testament Theology).
It is also helpful to notice that the
glory of God is sometimes used in the Bible as an adjective, sometimes
a noun, and sometimes a verb. God is glorious (adjective), reveals his
glory (noun), and is to be glorified (verb).
Further, God’s
glory is intrinsic and extrinsic. God’s intrinsic glory refers to the
inherent glory that belongs to him alone as God, independent of his
works. He is glorious in his perfections; he is magnificent; he is
beautiful. God’s extrinsic glory is his intrinsic glory partially
communicated in his works of creation, providence, redemption, and
consummation.
Even more particularly, the triune God who is
glorious displays his glory, largely through his creation,
image-bearers, providence, and redemptive acts. God’s people respond by
glorifying him. God receives glory and, through uniting his people to
Christ, shares his glory with them—all to his glory. Clearly, then, the Bible uses glory in
multiple senses.
First,
glory is used as a designation for God himself. For example, Peter
refers to God the Father as the “Majestic Glory” (2 Pet. 1:17). This
rare phrase seems to be a Hebrew approach to referring to God without
stating his name.
Second, glory sometimes refers to an internal
characteristic, attribute, or a summary of the attributes of God. This
sense would be similar to saying that glory is sometimes used as an
adjective. God is intrinsically glorious in the sense of fullness,
sufficiency, majesty, beauty, and splendor. Examples of this sense are
used throughout Scripture. The Psalms refers to God as the “King of
glory” (24:7–10) as well as the “God of glory” (29:3). Stephen refers
to the “God of glory” (Acts 7:2), and the apostle Paul prays to the
“Father of glory” (Eph. 1:17). James makes reference to Jesus as the
“Lord of glory” or the “glorious Lord,” depending on how one renders
the Greek. Either way, the point is the same: like the Father, Jesus is
characterized by glory. The Spirit, also, is identified with glory (1
Pet. 4:14; cf. John 16:14; Eph. 1:13–14), especially through the
language of presence, indwelling, and temple (John 14–16; Rom. 8:9–11;
1 Cor. 3:16; 6:19–20; 14:24–25; 2 Cor. 6:16; Eph. 2:11–22; 5:18; 1
Thess. 4:8).
Third, Scripture speaks of glory as God’s presence. This understanding of glory is unmistakable in the events surrounding
the exodus. The glory cloud (Exod. 13–14; 16:7; 20; 24; cf. Rev. 15:8),
the manifestations to Moses (Exod. 3–4; 32–34), and God’s presence in
the tabernacle (Exod. 29:43; 40:34–38) all highlight God’s covenant
presence. This connotation of God’s glory also emerges in passages
related to the ark of the covenant (1 Samuel 4–5), the temple (1 Kings
8:10–11; 2 Chron 5–7), the eschatological temple in Ezekiel (43:1–5),
the person of Christ (John 1:1–18; Col. 1–2; Heb 1), the Holy Spirit
(John 14–16), and heaven itself (Rev. 21–22).
Fourth, the Bible
often depicts glory as the display of God’s attributes, perfections, or
person. John’s Gospel speaks of glory in this way, as Jesus performs
“signs” that demonstrate his glory (2:11). The Word uses various terms
for this notion, but the idea is clear: God glorifies himself in
displaying himself. As God puts his works on display, he glorifies
himself. His mercy, grace, justice, and wrath are all revealed through
salvation and judgment (cf. Rom. 9:20–23; Eph. 2:4–10).
A fifth
sense or concept is of glory as the ultimate goal of the display of
God’s attributes, perfections, or person. Exodus and Ezekiel are
abounding with passages that unfold God’s actions for the sake of his
name, that people will know he is the Lord. Jesus informs that
Lazarus’s death and subsequent resurrection had an ultimate purpose: it
was for the glory of God (John 11:4; cf. 14:13). Peter’s death also
shared this purpose (John 21:19). Paul points out that God chooses,
adopts, redeems, and seals believers “to the praise of the glory of his
grace” (Eph. 1:6, 12, 14). That is, in saving a people for himself, God
displays his grace, and in displaying his grace he brings glory to
himself. Further, the whole Trinitarian plan of redemption displays
this goal, as seen in the mutual glorification of each person of the
Trinity. The glorious Father sends the glorious Son, who voluntarily
humbles himself and glorifies the Father through his incarnation,
obedient life, and substitutionary death (Phil. 2:5–11; cf. John 6, 10,
17). In response the Father glorifies the Son, resurrecting him from
the dead and exalting him to the highest place (Acts 3:13–15; Rom. 6:4;
Phil. 2:9–11). The Father sends the glorious Spirit, who glorifies the
Son (John 16:14), which all contributes to the glory of the Father
(Phil. 2:11).
Sixth, glory sometimes points to heaven, the
heavenly, or the eschatological consummation of the full experience of
the presence of God. Hebrews 2:10 speaks of “bringing many sons to
glory,” and Philippians 4:19 presents the covenant promise, “My God
will supply every need of yours according to his riches in glory in
Christ Jesus” (cf. Eph. 3:16). The people of God will ultimately
receive glory, honor, immortality, and eternal life, which can all be
used somewhat synonymously (Rom. 2:7). Such glory was prepared for
God’s people in eternity (Rom. 9:23). Jesus is also said to be “taken
up in glory” (1 Tim. 3:16), which could be understood as “to heaven,”
as “gloriously,” or as a combination of the two. The bodies of
believers, too, will be raised “in glory” (1 Cor. 15:43), and faithful
elders will receive an unfading crown of glory (1 Pet. 5:4).
Seventh,
giving glory to God also may refer to an appropriate response to God in
the form of worship, exaltation, or exultation. Psalm 29:2 urges,
“Ascribe to the Lord the glory due his name.” At Jesus’ birth, after
God’s glory shines (Luke 2:9), the heavenly host resounds with “glory
to God in the highest” (Luke 2:14), and the shepherds are “glorifying
and praising God” (Luke 2:20). Further, the Bible is filled with
doxologies, such as Romans 16:27, that accentuate our need to give
glory to God: “To the only wise God be glory forevermore through Christ
Jesus” (cf. Rom. 11:36; Gal. 1:5; Eph. 3:20–21; Phil. 4:20; 2 Tim.
4:18; Jude 24–25; Rev. 1:5–6). Some doxologies are directed toward
Christ (2 Pet. 3:18; cf. Heb. 13:21). Similarly, other passages
instruct God’s people to glory in Christ (2 Cor. 10:17), in his cross
(Gal. 6:14), and in suffering by virtue of their union with Christ (2
Cor. 11–12). Glorifying God is an expected and fitting response of
God’s people (Matt. 5:13–16; 15:31; Mark 2:12; Luke 4:15; John 15:8).
Christians are even commanded to glorify God in their bodies (1 Cor.
6:20), in their food and drink choices along with their corresponding
relationships (1 Cor. 10:31), and in the proper exercise of spiritual
gifts (1 Pet. 4:11). Romans 14–15 underlines the importance of the
church glorifying God with a unified voice and points to the truth that
as the church displays unity to the glory of God (15:6–7), the Gentiles
will glorify God (15:8–9; cf. Rev 4–5).
So, the triune God who
is glorious joyfully and gracious communicates his glory, largely
through his creation, image-bearers, providence, and redemptive acts.
God’s people respond by glorifying him. God receives glory and, through
uniting his people to Christ, shares his glory with them. And all of
this contributes to his glory, as God in his manifold perfections is
exhibited, known, rejoiced in, and prized."